If you’re planning to add an elevator to your house, you’ll want to know the differences between the options. Here’s the lowdown on the top four types of residential elevators.

Residential elevator types quick overview

Elevator Type	Features	Basic Information	Suitable Buildings	Key Differences
Hydraulic Elevator	Hydraulic drive, smooth operation, easy maintenance	Completion Time: 4-6 weeks Purchase Cost: Medium Maintenance Cost: Medium Max Distance: 15-20m Max Speed: 0.63 m/s Capacity: 1000-2000 kg	Low-rise residential buildings, shops, hospitals	Smooth and stable operation, ideal for low-rise buildings. Requires a machine room, relatively easy to maintain.
Traction Elevator	Steel rope drive, fast speed, energy efficient	Completion Time: 6-10 weeks Purchase Cost: High Maintenance Cost: Medium Max Distance: 60-100m Max Speed: 1.0-4.0 m/s Capacity: 1000-2500 kg	High-rise apartments, office buildings, shopping malls	Suitable for high-rise and super high-rise buildings, high transportation efficiency. Requires a dedicated machine room and regular maintenance.
Vacuum Elevator	Air pressure drive, compact design, no machine room	Completion Time: 3-5 weeks Purchase Cost: High Maintenance Cost: Low Max Distance: 12-15m Max Speed: 0.15-0.3 m/s Capacity: 150-250 kg	Villas, duplex apartments, private residences	Flexible installation, no machine room or pit required, space-saving, suitable for small residential spaces.
Shaftless Elevator	Guide rail drive, quick installation, small footprint	Completion Time: 2-4 weeks Purchase Cost: Low Maintenance Cost: Low Max Distance: 4-6m Max Speed: 0.15 m/s Capacity: 200-400 kg	Old residential buildings, duplex homes, low-rise shops	No shaft design, fast installation, minimal building modification, but limited travel height.
Machine Room-Less (MRL) Elevator	Traction drive, no machine room, energy efficient	Completion Time: 5-8 weeks Purchase Cost: Medium to High Maintenance Cost: Medium Max Distance: 20-30m Max Speed: 1.0-2.0 m/s Capacity: 1000-1600 kg	Mid to high-rise residential buildings, office buildings, hotels	Suitable for modern buildings, space-saving, no separate machine room required, moderate maintenance cost.

 

A detailed introduction to the main types of residential elevators

Hydraulic Elevators

Hydraulic elevators use a hydraulic pump to push a piston, causing the cabin to move up or down. They operate smoothly and quietly, making them especially suitable for low-rise residential buildings, villas, and hospitals. The main advantages are low installation cost and easy maintenance, but due to their relatively slow speed, they are typically used in buildings with 1 to 10 floors.

Hydraulic Elevator Quick Preview Table

Traction Elevators

Traction elevators move the cabin up and down by pulling with a traction machine and steel cables. They offer the advantages of high speed and low energy consumption and are widely used in mid to high-rise residential buildings and commercial structures such as apartments, office buildings, and shopping centers. Due to the high efficiency of the traction system, they are the preferred choice for modern high-rise buildings.

Traction Elevator Quick Preview Table

Type	Maximum Load	Maximum Speed (per minute)	Safety	Suitable for
Geared Traction Elevator	1600kg	2.0 m/s	Stable, high energy consumption	Mid to high-rise residential, office buildings
Gearless Traction Elevator	2000kg	4.0 m/s	Energy-saving, low noise	High-rise apartments, office towers
MMR Elevator	1000kg	1.5 m/s	No machine room, space-saving	Duplex apartments, hotels

1. Geared Traction Elevator

Geared traction elevators use a gearbox to drive the traction machine, providing strong power, making them suitable for high-rise buildings. At the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, a KONE geared traction elevator operates at a speed of 4m/s, reducing energy consumption by 15% compared to traditional elevators, thereby enhancing passenger transport efficiency.

2. Gearless Traction Elevator

This type uses direct drive technology, eliminating the gearbox to reduce energy consumption and noise. It is ideal for high-rise apartments and office buildings.

3. MMR Elevator (Machine Room Reduced)

MMR elevators integrate the drive system into the top of the shaft, eliminating the need for a separate machine room and saving space, making them suitable for mid to low-rise commercial buildings and hotels.

Pneumatic Elevators

Pneumatic elevators operate by using air pressure differences to move the cabin up and down. They are characterized by a simple structure and small footprint, making them especially suitable for duplex houses and private villas. These elevators are quick to install and usually do not require a dedicated shaft or machine room.

Pneumatic Elevator Types and Specifications

Shaftless Elevators

Shaftless elevators do not require a traditional shaft, greatly reducing installation difficulty, making them ideal for retrofitting older residential buildings and space-limited structures. Their compact structure and high flexibility make them commonly used in small commercial buildings and duplex apartments.
Advantages: No need for large civil construction, short construction cycle, low cost.
Limitations: Limited lifting height, not suitable for high-rise buildings.

Shaftless Elevator Types and Specifications

1. Linear Shaftless Elevator

This type uses direct guide rail lifting, with the equipment installed directly on the wall or next to stairs, suitable for low-rise, space-limited residences. At a historic building in Berlin’s city center, a BDFUJI linear shaftless elevator was installed without compromising the building structure.

2. Flat Shaftless Elevator

The flat shaftless elevator combines horizontal drive and vertical lift, minimizing building alterations during installation. In a London commercial renovation project, a KONE flat shaftless elevator was installed, occupying just 1.5 square meters, significantly modernizing the old building.

MRL Elevators (Machine Room-Less)

MRL elevators integrate the drive system at the top of the shaft, eliminating the need for a separate machine room, which saves space and construction costs. They are widely used in mid to high-rise residential buildings and office buildings.

MRL Elevator Types and Specifications

1. Standard MRL Elevator

This type of elevator integrates the traction machine and control cabinet at the top of the shaft, requiring no additional space. It is suitable for residential and office buildings up to 15 floors. In a modern apartment in Sydney, an OTIS standard MRL elevator was installed, saving 20% of machine room space.

2. Compact MRL Elevator

Mainly used in space-constrained or small residential buildings, the compact MRL elevator features a small drive unit, resulting in better noise control. In a shop in Osaka, Japan, a Schindler compact MRL elevator was installed, providing smooth operation and receiving positive feedback from tenants.

Special Types of Residential Elevators

Apart from the five main types mentioned earlier, there are also some special types of residential elevators on the market, designed for specific needs and unique scenarios.

Pitless Elevator: Suitable for Buildings with Foundation Limitations

The pitless elevator does not require deep pit excavation, making it ideal for projects with foundation constraints or renovations of old buildings and private residences.

Pitless Elevator Quick Preview Table

Parameter	Specification
Maximum Load	400kg
Maximum Speed	0.3 m/s
Safety	Quick installation, stable structure
Suitable for	Buildings with foundation limitations, old buildings, private residences

Drum Elevator: Compact Structure, Easy Operation

Drum elevators use a drum traction mechanism, characterized by a compact structure, making them widely used in small residential buildings and attic renovations.

Drum Elevator Quick Preview Table

Parameter	Specification
Maximum Load	300kg
Maximum Speed	0.4 m/s
Safety	Emergency braking protection
Suitable for	Villas, duplex apartments

Glass Elevator: Elegant and Transparent Design

Glass elevators use transparent glass cabins and guide rails, featuring a modern and aesthetic design. They are mainly used in high-end residential buildings and scenic architectures.

Glass Elevator Quick Preview Table

Parameter	Specification
Maximum Load	600kg
Maximum Speed	1.0 m/s
Safety	Anti-fall protection, emergency lighting
Suitable for	Luxury villas, commercial clubs

How to Choose the Right Residential Elevator?

After reading the detailed information on residential elevator types, you probably have a clearer understanding of their differences. But how can you determine which elevator is the best fit for your home? Consider these four key factors:

1. Purpose

The primary factor in choosing an elevator is its intended purpose, as different building types require different elevator configurations:

• Low-Rise Residential Buildings (1-5 floors):

  • Suitable elevators: Hydraulic Elevators or Pneumatic Elevators (air-driven)

  • Reason: Flexible installation, lower cost

• Mid to High-Rise Residential Buildings (6-20 floors):

  • Suitable elevators: Traction Elevators or Machine Room-Less Elevators (MRL)

  • Reason: Low energy consumption, stable operation

• High-Rise and Super High-Rise Buildings (20+ floors):

  • Suitable elevators: Traction Elevators

  • Reason: High speed and large load capacity

• Special Purposes (Villas, Duplex Apartments):

  • Suitable elevators: Pneumatic Elevators and Shaftless Elevators

  • Reason: Compact structure, no machine room or pit required

2. Budget

The budget for an elevator not only includes the purchase cost but also factors in installation, maintenance, and energy consumption.

Hydraulic Elevators:

• Purchase Cost: $15,000 – $40,000

• Installation Cost: Medium, requires pit and machine room

• Maintenance Cost: Low, regular lubrication and inspection

• Recommended for: Low-rise residential buildings, villas

• Cost-Effectiveness: High, especially in low-rise buildings

Traction Elevators:

• Purchase Cost: $25,000 – $70,000

• Installation Cost: High, needs a dedicated machine room and complex wiring

• Maintenance Cost: Medium, regular replacement of traction wheels and cables

• Recommended for: Mid to high-rise buildings, commercial premises

• Cost-Effectiveness: High, ideal for buildings over 20 floors

Pneumatic Elevators:

• Purchase Cost: $20,000 – $50,000

• Installation Cost: Low, no pit or machine room required

• Maintenance Cost: Low, periodic air pressure system checks

• Recommended for: Villas, duplex apartments

• Cost-Effectiveness: Medium, easy installation but slower speed

Brand Comparison:

• BDFUJI: High cost-effectiveness, suitable for medium to low-budget residential projects, especially popular in Middle East, South America, and Southeast Asia markets with many successful projects and positive reviews.

• OTIS: Premium brand, commonly used in high-rise commercial buildings with remote monitoring and intelligent energy-saving features.

• KONE: Focuses on energy efficiency and noise reduction, ideal for high-end apartments that require comfort and quiet.

3. Installation Space

Different types of elevators have various space requirements. Some require a pit or additional machine room, so it’s important to assess your building conditions before choosing.

Machine Room-Less Elevator (MRL):

• Space Requirement: Traction machine integrated at the top of the shaft, saving machine room space

• Suitable Buildings: Modern residential buildings, apartment complexes

• Advantages: Space-saving, energy-efficient

Shaftless Elevator:

• Space Requirement: No fixed shaft required, high flexibility

• Suitable Buildings: Old building renovations, duplex villas

• Advantages: Quick installation, minimal structural modification

4. Safety

Safety is a critical consideration when installing a residential elevator. Always choose brands with emergency braking, power failure protection, and dual door lock features.

Hydraulic Elevators:

• Safety Features: Pit design to absorb impact, high stability

Traction Elevators:

• Safety Features: Dual braking system to prevent accidental descent

Pneumatic Elevators:

• Safety Features: Air-lock mechanism to prevent sudden falls

Residential Elevators vs. Other Types of Elevators

In modern architecture, elevators are not only used in residential settings but also widely installed in commercial buildings, public facilities, and industrial sites. Understanding the differences between residential and other types of elevators can help make more rational purchasing and installation decisions.

1. Different Use Scenarios:

• Residential Elevators:

  • Mainly used in homes, villas, apartments, and duplex houses

  • Emphasis on comfort, quiet operation, and safety

• Commercial Elevators:

  • Installed in shopping malls, office buildings, hotels

  • Focus on high-speed transportation and frequent usage stability

• Industrial Elevators:

  • Used in factories and warehouses, offering high load capacity and durability

  • Complex installation, prioritizing shock resistance and dust/water protection

 

• Service Elevators (Freight Elevators):

  • Designed for transporting goods and materials

  • Features large capacity and reinforced cabins, slower speed for stability

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What is the Average Cost of a Residential Elevator?

The cost of a residential elevator is a major deciding factor. It typically includes purchase cost, installation cost, and maintenance expenses. The cost varies significantly based on the type of elevator, so it’s important to budget accordingly.

Cost Breakdown:

To learn more about residential elevator prices, please read: What will be the price of home elevators in 2025? The most complete cost analysis + money-saving tips

Brand Recommendations:

• BDFUJI: High cost-effectiveness, suitable for medium to low-budget projects, with relatively low purchase costs.

• OTIS: Ideal for high-end residential and commercial applications, offering smart energy-saving control with lower long-term operating costs.

How Much Space Does a Residential Elevator Require?

The space required for a residential elevator typically depends on four factors: cabin size, shaft space, pit depth, and top clearance. Choosing the right type of elevator requires careful planning based on the available building space.

1. Cabin Size:

• Standard Residential Elevator:

  • Width: 1000-1400mm

  • Depth: 1200-1600mm

  • Height: 2100mm

• Compact Elevator:

  • Width: 900-1100mm

  • Depth: 1000-1300mm

  • Height: 2000mm

2. Shaft Space:

• Standard Residential Elevator:

  • Shaft Width: 1500-2000mm

  • Shaft Depth: 1500-1800mm

• Machine Room-Less Elevator (MRL):

  • Shaft Width: 1600-2000mm

  • Shaft Depth: 1600-2000mm

3. Pit and Top Space:

• Pit Depth: 1000-1500mm

• Top Clearance: 2500-3500mm

Residential Elevators FAQ:

Are Pneumatic Elevators Safe?

Yes, pneumatic elevators are very safe. They use air pressure to move up and down and feature air loss protection and vacuum braking systems. In case of a power outage, they slowly descend to the ground, preventing sudden falls.

Which Brands Offer Models Suitable for Wheelchair Users?

Schindler and BDFUJI are leading brands in accessible elevator design. Schindler elevators feature low platform and wide door designs, while BDFUJI offers smart control systems that make wheelchair entry and exit easier.

What Is the Best Type of Residential Elevator?

Considering comfort, safety, and cost, hydraulic elevators are ideal for low-rise buildings, traction elevators are better for high-rise constructions, and pneumatic elevators are perfect for private residences with limited space.

Which Elevator Is Best for Home Use?

For residential applications, pneumatic elevators and shaftless elevators are the best choices. They require minimal space, are easy to install, and have lower costs, making them highly suitable for duplex apartments and villas.

In summary: Residential elevators are more than just a luxury—they’re about making life easier. Whether you go for hydraulic, pneumatic, or traction, each elevator type comes with its own perks (and its own set of challenges). So, pick your elevator like you’re choosing your next Netflix binge—carefully, with plenty of research.